Abstract
The increasing demand for energy and environmental protection has stimulated intensive interest in fundamental research and practical applications. Nickel dichalcogenides (Ni3S2, NiS, Ni3Se2, NiSe, etc.) are promising materials for high-performance electrochemical energy storage and conversion applications. Herein, 3D Ni3S2 nanorod arrays are fabricated on Ni foam by a facile solvothermal route. The optimized Ni3S2/Ni foam electrode displays an areal capacity of 1602 µA h cm−2 at 5 mA cm−2, excellent rate capability and cycling stability. Besides, 3D Ni3S2 nanorod arrays as electrode materials exhibit outstanding performances for the overall water splitting reaction. In particular, the 3D Ni3S2 nanorod array electrode is shown to be a high-performance water electrolyzer with a cell voltage of 1.63 V at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 for overall water splitting. Therefore, the results demonstrate a promising multifunctional 3D electrode material for electrochemical energy storage and conversion applications.
Highlights
From the plot of capacity versus the cycle number curve (Fig. 6b), it can be seen that the capacity retention remained at 81.94% and the corresponding coulombic efficiency remained within the range of 99.5–100% a er 3400 cycles, indicating the outstanding cycling behaviour of the 3D Ni3S2 nanorod array electrode
Controlled 3D Ni3S2 nanorod arrays were fabricated on Ni foam by a facile solvothermal route
The areal capacity was as high as 1602 mA h cmÀ2 at 5 mA cmÀ2 and the capacity retention remained at 81.94% a er 3400 charge–discharge cycles
Summary
The increasing worldwide application of electronic devices has put forward great challenges for clean and safe energy conversion and storage systems.[1,2,3,4,5] Various energy conversion and storage devices have been designed and fabricated, such as supercapacitors,[6,7,8,9] and alkali metal (Li, Na and K)-ion,[10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21] divalent Mg-ion[22,23] and multivalent Al-ion batteries.[24,25,26] Among them, supercapacitors, called electrochemical capacitors, have attracted increasing attention due to their high power densities, long cycle life, and fast recharge.[27,28,29,30,31,32] Besides, as an effective route of energy conversion and storage, the hydrogen (H2) evolution reaction for water splitting with catalyst materials has been explored.[33,34,35,36,37] Generally, electrode materials are considered to play signi cant roles in determining the performances of the energy conversion and storage systems.[38,39,40,41]. The characterization and electrochemical measurements for the Ni3S2 nanorod array electrode were investigated, systematically, to estimate its potential ability in electrochemical energy storage and conversion applications. The 3D Ni3S2 nanorod array electrode is shown to be a high-performance water electrolyzer with a cell voltage of 1.63 V at a current density of 10 mA cmÀ2 for overall water splitting. Ni3S2/NF multifunctional nanostructures can be extensively used for broad application prospects in electrochemical energy conversion and storage systems
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