Three-dimensional morphometric analysis of anterior cranial base in growing patients

Abstract

The growth of the sphenoethmoidal and sphenofrontal suture in the anterior cranial base (ACB) terminates around 7 years old; therefore, ACB is used as a reference structure for superimposing radiographs in 2-dimensions (2D) and 3-dimensions (3D). The data in the literature regarding the cessation of growth of ACB in 3D is insufficient. The study aimed to evaluate the volumetric changes of ACB in growing patients on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) data in 3D. The CBCT sample was obtained from a repository of scans of subjects (n= 30) aged 6-11 years with no craniofacial anomalies or growth-related disorders. CBCTs were taken at 2 time points (approximately 12 months apart). The mean age at the initial scan (T1) was 8.4 ± 0.89 years, and the follow-up scan (T2) was 9.6 ± 0.99 years. The bones of the ACB were segmented, and 3D models of the bones were generated using Mimics software. The volumetric measurement was performed on the 3D-rendered model. Linear measurements were performed on the slices. The volumetric analysis of the ACB between T1 and T2 showed a significant change (P<0.0001). There were no significant differences in volumetric changes of the ACB between the male and female subjects. The linear measurements on the right side of the cranial base showed continued growth between T1 and T2. In the studied sample, growth-related changes of ACB were observed through volumetric analysis after 7 years old.