Abstract
The three-dimensional (3D) size and morphology of high-temperature metal components need to be measured in real time during manufacturing processes, such as forging and rolling. Since the surface temperature of a metal component is very high during the forming and manufacturing process, manually measuring the size of a metal component at a close distance is difficult; hence, a non-contact measurement technology is required to complete the measurement. Recently, machine vision technology has been developed, which is a non-contact measurement technology that only needs to capture multiple images of a measured object to obtain the 3D size and morphology information, and this technology can be used in some extreme conditions. Machine vision technology has been widely used in industrial, agricultural, military and other fields, especially fields involving various high-temperature metal components. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the application of machine vision technology in measuring the 3D size and morphology of high-temperature metal components. Furthermore, according to the principle and method of measuring equipment structures, this review highlights two aspects in detail: laser scanning measurement and multi-view stereo vision technology. Special attention is paid to each method through comparisons and analyses to provide essential technical references for subsequent researchers.
Highlights
Many innovative new technologies have been developed with other algorithms, such as deep learning: In 2019, Haihua Zhang et al [60] replaced the DLP projector with a homemade mechanical projection device, borrowed the advantages of FTP and phase measurement profilometry (PMP), and developed time Fourier transform profilometry (TFTP)
Zhoujie Wu et al performed much work on gray coding for 3D high-speed measurements [77]. They established a 3D object morphology modeling system based on cyclic complementary gray code (CCGC) patterns [78]
The measurement technology used in determining the 3D size and morphology of high-temperature metal components over the past decades was summarized
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Machine vision methods, which use non-contact measurement technology, only need to collect multiple images of a measured object to obtain its 3D morphology and size data; they can realize the 3D morphology and size measurement tasks of high-temperature metal components. These methods are technical methods that use machines to replace human eyes for measurement and judgment. With respect to the principles and method of construction of measuring equipment, this paper divides the methods into two categories: laser scanning measurement methods and multi-view stereo vision technology.
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