Three-dimensional integral equation approach to light scattering, extinction cross sections, local density of states, and quasi-normal modes

Abstract

We present a numerical formalism for solving the Lippmann-Schwinger equation for the electric field in three dimensions. The formalism may be applied to scatterers of different shapes and embedded in different background media, and we develop it in detail for the specific case of spherical scatterers in a homogeneous background medium. In addition, we show how several physically important quantities may readily be calculated with the formalism. These quantities include the extinction cross section, the total Green's tensor, the projected local density of states and the Purcell factor as well as the quasinormal modes of leaky resonators with the associated resonance frequencies and quality factors. We demonstrate the calculations for the well-known plasmonic dimer consisting of two silver nanoparticles and thus illustrate the versatility of the formalism for use in modeling of advanced nanophotonic devices.