Abstract
We present three-dimensional (3D) in vivo images of human breast cancer based on fluorescence diffuse optical tomography (FDOT). To our knowledge, this work represents the first reported 3D fluorescence tomography of human breast cancer in vivo. In our protocol, the fluorophore Indocyanine Green (ICG) is injected intravenously. Fluorescence excitation and detection are accomplished in the soft-compression, parallel-plane, transmission geometry using laser sources at 786 nm and spectrally filtered CCD detection. Phantom and in vivo studies confirm the signals are due to ICG fluorescence, rather than tissue autofluorescence and excitation light leakage. Fluorescence images of breast tumors were in good agreement with those of MRI, and with DOT based on endogenous contrast. Tumorto- normal tissue contrast based on ICG fluorescence was two-to-four-fold higher than contrast based on hemoglobin and scattering parameters. In total the measurements demonstrate that FDOT of breast cancer is feasible and promising.
Highlights
Diffuse optical tomography (DOT) is a promising new medical diagnostic [1, 2] that has been recently applied for breast cancer imaging based on endogenous tissue contrast such as hemoglobin, water and lipid [3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12]
We present three-dimensional (3D) in vivo images of human breast cancer based on fluorescence diffuse optical tomography (FDOT)
Successful fluorescence diffuse optical tomography (FDOT) is critical for application of molecular imaging probes such as dyes [15, 17, 26,27,28,29] and molecular beacons [30] that bind to tumor-specific receptors in deep tissue
Summary
Diffuse optical tomography (DOT) is a promising new medical diagnostic [1, 2] that has been recently applied for breast cancer imaging based on endogenous tissue contrast such as hemoglobin, water and lipid [3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12]. A few breast cancer studies have used the absorption of exogenous molecular agents such as Indocyanine Green (ICG) to enhance tumor contrast. Successful fluorescence diffuse optical tomography (FDOT) is critical for application of molecular imaging probes such as dyes [15, 17, 26,27,28,29] and molecular beacons [30] that bind to tumor-specific receptors in deep tissue
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