Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) remote imaging attracts increasing attentions in capturing a target’s characteristics. Although great progress for 3D remote imaging has been made with methods such as scanning imaging lidar and pulsed floodlight-illumination imaging lidar, either the detection range or application mode are limited by present methods. Ghost imaging via sparsity constraint (GISC), enables the reconstruction of a two-dimensional N-pixel image from much fewer than N measurements. By GISC technique and the depth information of targets captured with time-resolved measurements, we report a 3D GISC lidar system and experimentally show that a 3D scene at about 1.0 km range can be stably reconstructed with global measurements even below the Nyquist limit. Compared with existing 3D optical imaging methods, 3D GISC has the capability of both high efficiency in information extraction and high sensitivity in detection. This approach can be generalized in nonvisible wavebands and applied to other 3D imaging areas.
Highlights
The photons reflected from the target are collected by a light concentrator and pass through an interference filter with 1 nm half-bandwidth into a photomultiplier tube (PMT) connected with a high-speed digitizer of 1 G/s
The performance of 3D GISC lidar was first demonstrated by imaging a tower located about l0 = 570 m away
It is observed that 3D images with the depth resolution of 90 cm can be obtained for the proposed 3D GISC lidar system even if a laser with 10 ns pulse width is used
Summary
The speckle pattern at stop 1 is imaged onto the target by the objective lens f0 = 360 mm. In the measurement framework of 3D GISC lidar (see Supplementary Information), the random speckle patterns recorded by the CCD are used to form the sensing matrix A15–17. Exploiting some manifest properties of the target as constraints, both the target’s 3D image and its tomographic image at each time delay (namely at each depth) can be restored by 3D GISC method. The transmission aperture of the objective lens f0 was set as L = 3.0 mm by changing the transmission aperture of the stop 2, the transverse size of speckle pattern on the target plane (namely the horizontal resolution of the emitting system) was about ∆setxtto=be1.n22Leλalr0ly=h 2a1lf6o mf tmheastpaedciksltea’snfcuellowf li0d =th 1a0t0h0a mlf-(mseaexiSmupupmleomnetnhtearCyCIDnfoprlamnaet.iIonnt)h.
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