Abstract
BackgroundThe aim of this study was to present three-dimensional (3D) structural characteristics of the mandible in the hemifacial microsomia. The mandible has six distinct functional units, and its architecture is the sum of balanced growth of each functional unit and surrounding matrix.MethodsIn order to characterize the mandibular 3D architecture of hemifacial microsomia, we analyzed the mandibular functional units of four hemifacial microsomia patients using the 3D reconstructed computed tomography (CT) images. And we compared the functional unit size between affected and non-affected side.ResultsThe length of condyle and angle showed significant differences between affected and non-affected sides. However, the length of mandibular body showed insignificant differences. The size differences between affected and non-affected side were observed at the condyle, angle, and body in descending order.ConclusionsThis preliminary study suggests that the main etiopathogenic units are condyle and angle in the hemifacial microsomia mandible. Further investigation with the increased number of subjects will be helpful to establish treatment modality by etiopathogenic targeting of hemifacial microsomia.
Highlights
The aim of this study was to present three-dimensional (3D) structural characteristics of the mandible in the hemifacial microsomia
If we evaluate the structural characteristics of functional unit for hemifacial microsomia, we can
Though it is known well that hemifacial microsomia is a congenital malformation in most cases, there are only a few presumptions that it can be caused by natural mutation rather than heredity and/or by drugs like thalidomide, primidone, or retinoic acid [5]
Summary
The aim of this study was to present three-dimensional (3D) structural characteristics of the mandible in the hemifacial microsomia. This disease occurs in 1/3500–1/5600 of frequency to make it the second most common congenital deformity next to cleft lip and palate at the craniofacial region [1] It is called as such hemifacial microsomia because it occurs mainly on one side of the face and is manifested as the small jaw. It can be manifested at both sides of the face simultaneously in 10–15 % of patients [2, 3] that it can be named as the craniofacial microsomia It can be called as the first pharyngeal arch syndrome due to its characteristics of occurrence at the first and second pharyngeal-originated facial structures [4]. They include the mandible, maxilla, orbit, external and middle ear, craniofacial nerve, and facial soft tissue [5, 6]
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