Abstract
The five-dimensional (5D) drift kinetic Fokker–Planck equation for fast charged particles confined in a tokamak with a toroidal field (TF) ripple magnitude below the Goldston–White–Boozer stochasticity threshold is averaged over the banana and superbanana timescales. As a result, a three-dimensional (3D) Fokker–Planck equation in the constants of motion (COM) space describing the collisional transport of charged high-energy particles is obtained. Toroidally trapped particles with the toroidal precession being in resonance with the ripple perturbations are shown to yield the main contribution to the ripple induced transport. It is found that the rates of ripple superbanana diffusion and convection in the radial coordinate significantly exceed the corresponding rates of the bananas in the axisymmetric limit. The superbanana diffusion and convection shown to be dominant in the MeV energy range may be responsible for the loss of partially thermalized fusion products observed in the Tokamak fusion test reactor (TFTR) [S. J. Zweben, R. L. Boivin, C.-S. Chang et al., Nucl. Fusion 31, 2219 (1991); H. W. Herrmann, S. J. Zweben, D. S. Darrow et al., ibid. 37, 1437 (1997)].
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