Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of the addition of green iron microparticles (Fe-MPs) as a three-dimensional electrode on efficiency of the electrochemical oxidation process. Polyphenols present in green tea extract act as a reducing and capping agent during green synthesis of the Fe-MPs. Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis indicates that the average size of particles is 100 µm, with about ~47 wt % of Fe in oxide form. The addition of Fe-MPs as a third electrode in the conventional electro-oxidation (EO) process converts it into a three-dimensional (3D) catalytic EO process to enhance the decolorization efficiency. Green synthesized Fe-MPs function as several microelectrodes in the process. Adsorption study indicated that only 12% of decolorization is due to adsorption on the Fe-MPs surface. Moreover, improvement in generation of hydroxyl radicals was validated by applying dimethyl sulfoxide as scavenger, and it was observed that generation of hydroxyl radicals decreased with the addition of DMSO. Results showed that decolorization efficiency increased in the 3D EO process with Fe-MPs by about 24% compared to the conventional 2D process without the Fe-MPs dosing, and initial pH as well as the Fe-MPs dose has a significant effect on decolorization efficiency during the 3D process. It is observed that reaction works better at highly acidic pH (2-4), and decolorization efficiency improved with higher doses of Fe-MPs.
Highlights
Researchers are empathizing more towards dye wastewater treatment on the grounds of numerous adverse effects
Characterization of the iron microparticles was done by SEM analysis to verify the Characterization of Synthesized
The study evaluates decolorization of Rhodamine-B dye from artificially prepared wastewater in a bench-scale reactor consisting of anode made up of Ti plate covered with mixed-metal oxide (TiO2, RuO2, IrO2) with cathode prepared of stainless steel plate
Summary
Researchers are empathizing more towards dye wastewater treatment on the grounds of numerous adverse effects. Dye wastewater contributes to eutrophication and demotes the transparency of water bodies, which is an aesthetic disadvantage. Coagulation, membrane filtration, adsorption, ion exchange, chemical oxidation, ozonation, bio-sorption, aerobic and anaerobic digestion and some other biological processes are practiced to deal with dye wastewater [4,5,6]. Each of these treatment technologies has certain limitations of sludge production and formulation of secondary pollutants that are causing greater threats than the primary pollutant itself. AOPs such as Fenton, electro Fenton, Ozonation are designed as destructive methods to decompose pollutants into less harmful compounds and terminate production of secondary pollutants
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