Abstract
A three-dimensional dual-band dielectric resonator antenna, comprised of five rectangular dielectric resonator (RDR) radiating elements, is proposed for wireless communication applications. The presented multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO)/diversity antenna system use TE 1δ1 Y and HEM 2δ1 modes of the RDR antenna for the transmission/reception of data. The TE 1δ1 Y mode covers the frequency range from 3.3 to 3.8 GHz, covering Wi-MAX, sub-6 GHz, and LTE (3.41-3.5 GHz uplink/3.51-3.6 GHz downlink) 5G application bands. The HEM 2δ1 mode covers Wi-Fi (5.725-5.875 GHz) and ITS 5.9 GHz (5.875-5.925 GHz) bands. The five RDR antenna elements are excited through coaxial feeds and are arranged in a cubical fashion to cover all directions, except -Z direction. The RDR elements are oriented and positioned to achieve a minimum correlation between the radiating elements. The proposed antenna exhibits a gain of 7 dB in the lower band while 7.2 dB gain is obtained in the upper band.
Highlights
Microstrip antennas have low radiation efficiency, high conductive loss, and requirement of complicated excitation techniques
A perfect electric conductor (PEC) layer is deposited on the top of the rectangular DRA (RDRA) elements and an offset coaxial probe feed excitation is used to obtain dualband resonance with directional radiation characteristics
The MIMO RDRA ports have more than 25 dB isolation in both the operating bands due to the orthogonal placement of the radiating elements
Summary
Microstrip antennas have low radiation efficiency, high conductive loss, and requirement of complicated excitation techniques. In [2], dual-band and tripleband characteristics were achieved using the T-matched dipole/loop excitation and characteristic mode analysis In addition to it several other feeding techniques like strip [3], aperture coupled [4], differential microstrip [5], coplanar waveguide [6], and probe [7] feeds have been reported for the DRA. A high permittivity dielectric material can be used to reduce the size of DRA, but it deteriorates the impedance bandwidth and radiation efficiency of the antenna. The five RDRA elements are placed orthogonally (in XY-, YZ- and XZ-planes) and excited using coaxial feeds This kind of arrangement, due to the multi-directional pattern, reduces mutual coupling between the RDRA ports.
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