Abstract
Heavy ion beams have many exciting applications, including radiotherapy of deep-seated tumors and simulation tests of space irradiation for astronauts. These beams often use a feature that concentrates the energy deposition largely along the end of the energy pathway, leading to different distributions of biological effects along the axial direction. Currently, there is relatively little information regarding the radial directional difference of biological effects along the heavy ion paths. This study utilized a filter membrane that was quantatively applied with cells to demonstrate a 3D distribution model of irradiation on biological effects in living organisms. Some results have indicated that there is excitatory effect on the non-irradiated regions with energetic ions, which may give new insights into the distribution of biological effects along the paths of heavy ion beams with mid-high energy.
Highlights
Radial directions was used to combine the assay units to establish a 3D distribution model of biological effects along the pathway of mid-high energy heavy ion beams
Two endpoints were utilized to reveal the biological effects derived from irradiation of heavy ion beams: survival rate and superoxide anion radical formation
The presence of superoxide anion radicals is the prominent radical in biological cells that is caused by irradiation treatment, and is the precursor molecule for oxygen radicals[41], which can be transformed directly into other oxygen radicals
Summary
High dose irradiation (500 Gy) was compared to control treatments, and 8 assay units from both the plateau region and the peak of Bragg curves demonstrated SDEs (Fig. 3b and d for S. cerevisae and C. vulgaris, respectively), while the boundary regions of the heavy ion beams paths: (3, 1)-(3, 3) and (1, 5)-(3, 5), revealed iDEEs for high doses, rather than iDEE as described previously. In comparison to control treatments (non-irradiated treatments), significant changes in superoxide anion radicals were correlated with the survival rates described previously in the changing trends and the assay unit distribution for both kinds of the tested cells. Clustering analysis along the y-axis for S. cerevisae (Fig. 4d) revealed that there were no significant differences in the superoxide anion radicals between the Bragg curve peak region (y = 4) and the plateau region (y = 1–3). In comparing the differences between low and high doses, the radial depth into the non-irradiated sample was observed to be ~0.52 mm (Fig. 2b) with a high dose of heavy ion beam irradiation related to superoxide anion radical formation, while the radial depth into the non-irradiation region was ~0 mm using low dose heavy ion beam irradiation
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