Abstract
A three-dimensional nonlinear finite-element procedure for modeling composite and steel-framed building behavior in fire is presented. In this approach, composite steel-framed buildings are modeled as an assembly of finite beam-column, spring, and slab elements. The beam-columns are represented by two-noded line elements. The cross section of the element is divided into a number of segments to allow consideration of temperature, stress, and strain through the cross section. A two-noded spring element of zero length is used to model the characteristics of steel member connections. The slabs are modeled by using a layered flat shell element based on Mindlin/Reissner theory, in which each layer can have a different temperature and material properties. Predictions from the model are compared with experimental results, both from isolated element tests and from a major full-scale fire test performed in the experimental composite building at Cardington. The model is clearly capable of predicting the response of composite steel-framed buildings in fire with reasonable accuracy. The procedure has been found to have good computational stability, which is very important in the context of problems incorporating very large deformations.
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