Abstract
Three configurations of compact planar multistub antennas are proposed in the frequency range of 27–29.5 GHz as candidates for the 5G standard frequency band. Each antenna consists of the same feeding part configuration but different structures for the dipole, director, and reflector parts. The feeding part is based on the substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology which results in compact size. The TE10 dominant mode is considered in the design procedure by HFSS software simulations. The proposed antennas have been simulated, fabricated, and measured (for S11, E, and H pattern). The simulation and measurement results show reasonable agreement for S11 and radiation patterns of E- and H-planes and impedance bandwidths. Moreover, for specific absorption rate (SAR) estimation, a three-layer human head model (skin, skull, and brain) is placed next to the antennas as the exposure source. The simulation results show the performance of the proposed antennas for low-SAR, which make them good candidates for safe usage concerning the negative impact of millimeter waves (mmWs) on human health. Finally, a comparison table is presented which verifies the compact size of our proposed antennas.
Highlights
Nowadays, the research on 5G mobile devices and systems has greatly expanded. e standards of these systems will take effect in 2020
There is not enough space for the future developments in transmission rates because the 5G cellular systems and devices have to move to the higher frequency bands for high capacity and speed rates
Because of the available fabrication technologies, the 27–29.5 GHz band is selected in our work. e users are generally concerned with the high frequency generation of radio waves because of the possibilities of health hazards
Summary
The research on 5G mobile devices and systems has greatly expanded. e standards of these systems will take effect in 2020. E users are generally concerned with the high frequency generation of radio waves because of the possibilities of health hazards Such effects are divided into two categories: thermal and nonthermal. Our proposed configuration is based on quasi-Yagi travelling wave end-fire antenna, which consists of dipole elements, directors, reflectors, and feeding part. Three compact planar end-fire antennas based on SIW technology have been designed in the band of 27–29.5 GHz. e design procedure, simulation, fabrication, and measurement results, together with SAR calculations are presented . According to the low calculated SAR values and compact size of the proposed antennas, they can be considered as good candidates for 5G mobile devices. SIW technology is used to design the feeding network of antennas due to its several benefits, such as compact structure, low loss, and cost effectiveness. √ εeff fmin, where λeff is the effective wavelength, h is the thickness of substrate, and w is the width of the longest element. e number of elements (N) is determined as follows: Bottom
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