Abstract
Osteoporosis is a common bone imbalance disease that threatens the health of postmenopausal women. Estrogen deficiency accelerates the aging of women. Oxidative stress damage is regarded as the main pathogenesis of postmenopausal osteoporosis. The accumulation of reactive oxygen species in the bone microenvironment plays a role in osteoblast and osteoclast apoptosis. Improving the oxidative state is essential for the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. There are three classes of antioxidant defense systems in the body to eliminate free radicals and peroxides including antioxidant substances, antioxidant enzymes, and repair enzymes. In our review, we demonstrated the mechanism of antioxidants and their effect on bone metabolism in detail. We concluded that glutathione/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) conversion involved the PI3K/Akt-Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway and that the antioxidant enzyme-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis pathway of osteoblasts was necessary for the development of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Since the current therapeutic effects of targeting bone cells are not significant, improving the systemic peroxidation state and then regulating bone homeostasis will be a new method for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
Highlights
Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disease characterized by a decrease in bone mass per unit volume
reactive oxygen species (ROS) change the permeability of mitochondrial membranes and release internal apoptotic factors including cytochrome c (Cytc) and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) (Zhao et al, 2020a; Seminotti et al, 2021)
Previous studies indicated that a large amount of lipid peroxide is deposited in the bone tissue of ovariectomized mice (Al et al, 2018; Abdallah et al, 2020)
Summary
Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disease characterized by a decrease in bone mass per unit volume. Antioxidants and Postmenopausal Osteoporosis to limitations in bone microenvironmental regulation They ignore the complex changes in the body caused by estrogen deficiency. There are three classes of antioxidant defense systems in the human body to remove excess ROS and avoid oxidative damage, including antioxidant substances, antioxidant enzymes, and repair enzymes. Dysfunction of the antioxidant defense systems causes redox imbalance and leads to the body being in a state of peroxidation, which makes it difficult to remove ROS. The weakening of the body’s antioxidant capacity, leading to the accumulation of free radicals and inducing bone aging, is a necessary cause of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Improving antioxidant capacity and removing excess ROS will be an effective method for the systemic treatment of osteoporosis. We reviewed the relationship between the three classes of antioxidant systems and the development of postmenopausal osteoporosis
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
