Abstract
In China, the criterion for an externally oriented economy is generally based on the proportion and volume of commodities exported to earn foreign exchange [chukou chuanghui—export to earn foreign exchange—is a set Chinese term and sometimes means merely export. In this article, it is translated as export unless the exchange aspect is emphasized.—Trans.]. In industry, the criterion is the proportion of industrial export, chiefly the value of such export, in total industrial output value. This may be a clear and simple way of delineation, but it really leaves many questions unanswered.
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