Thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysmectomy in the high-risk patient

Abstract

ObjectiveThe study objective was to provide a review of outcomes and management strategies for high-risk scenarios in the open repair of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms. MethodsSeries examining the open repair of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms were reviewed to identify well-described high-risk scenarios and summarize expected outcomes and management strategies in the current era. ResultsThe efforts of many have led to improved outcomes for patients undergoing the inherently challenging open repair of thoracoabdominal aortic pathologies. Several well-described high-risk scenarios include those related to preoperative comorbid conditions (preoperative pulmonary dysfunction, low ejection fraction, and renal dysfunction), anatomically high-risk cases (extent II repairs), and those with acute presentations (rupture, mycotic aneurysms, acute complicated type B aortic dissection). Several operative and perioperative techniques have been developed to mitigate the risk in these formidable cases. ConclusionsChallenges remain for several high-risk scenarios in thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair. Judicious patient selection, meticulous surgical, and critical care strategies have greatly decreased the risk for many high-risk patients.