Abstract
AbstractThe matric potential of water in gels of five-sixths neutralized aluminium montmorillonite (bentonite) and aluminium kaolinite changes during periods of shear and periods of rest. Shear increases the potential of water in bentonite gels, and in kaolinite gels containing little water, but decreases the potential in kaolinite gels containing more water. All these effects can be explained by changes in the curvature of water films at the gel-air interface. The difference between thixotropic and dilatant behaviour is the increasing and decreasing of the water potential on shearing. In dilatant pastes of silt-size particles, and for which the effects of electric charges are small, the pressure deficiency can reach large values after an increase in pore space, and this suffices to explain the characteristic features of dilatant behaviour.
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