Abstract
Hepatic encephalopathy is a complication of chronic liver failure, with a spectrum that ranges from mild cognitive dysfunction to decreased consciousness, coma, and death. The pathogenesis is thought to involve toxins released from the gastrointestinal tract by the bacterial flora, which interfere with central nervous system functioning. Therapeutic approaches aim at modifications of the bacterial flora, through nonabsorbable disaccharides such as lactulose, or through antibiotics with low systemic absorption, such as rifaximin.
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