Abstract
BackgroundThe number of teeth in the human dentition is of interest both from developmental and evolutionary aspects. The present case-control study focused on the formation of third molars in modern humans aiming to shed more light on the most variable tooth class in the dentition.Materials and MethodsFor this reason, we investigated third molar formation in a sample of 303 individuals with agenesis of teeth other than third molars (agenesis group) and compared it to a sex and age matched control group of 303 individuals without agenesis of teeth other than third molars.ResultsThe prevalence of third molar agenesis in the agenesis group was 50.8%, which is significantly higher than the 20.5% in the control group (p < 0.001). The chance of a missing third molar in the agenesis group was increased by 38.3% (p < 0.001), after controlling for the agenesis in other teeth factor. When considering the amount of missing third molars per individual, a clear tendency towards more missing third molars was evident in the agenesis group compared to the control group. The frequency of bilaterally missing third molars in the agenesis group was 29% in the maxilla, as well as in the mandible, which is about three times higher than the frequency of unilaterally missing third molars (p < 0.001). In the control group, bilaterally missing third molars occurred in 8.6% in the maxilla and 8.9% in the mandible.ConclusionThe present results indicate that genetic factors involved in tooth agenesis affect also the dentition as a whole. Furthermore, the third molars are more vulnerable to factors involved in agenesis of other teeth and they are more often affected as a whole. These findings seem to be associated with the evolutionary trend in humans towards reduced molar number.
Highlights
Tooth agenesis is the congenital absence of one or more teeth
The ratio of bilateral to unilateral third molar agenesis was significantly higher in the agenesis group compared to the control group
The prevalence for bilaterally missing third molars was more than three times higher than in the control group, in the maxilla as well as in the mandible
Summary
Tooth agenesis is the congenital absence of one or more teeth. In the primary dentition, the prevalence ranges between 0.1% and 0.2%. The present case-control study focused on the formation of third molars in modern humans aiming to shed more light on the most variable tooth class in the dentition. The frequency of bilaterally missing third molars in the agenesis group was 29% in the maxilla, as well as in the mandible, which is about three times higher than the frequency of unilaterally missing third molars (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The present results indicate that genetic factors involved in tooth agenesis affect the dentition as a whole. The third molars are more vulnerable to factors involved in agenesis of other teeth and they are more often affected as a whole. These findings seem to be associated with the evolutionary trend in humans towards reduced molar number
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