Abstract
Dynamic thiol-disulfide homeostasis (TDH) is a new area has begun to attract more scrutiny. Dynamic TDH is reversal of thiol oxidation in proteins and represents the status of thiols (-SH) and disulfides (-S-S-). Organic compounds containing the sulfhydryl group is called thiol, composed of sulfur and hydrogen atoms. Disulfides are the most important class of dynamic, redox responsive covalent bonds build in between two thiol groups. For many years, thiol levels were analyzed by several methods. During last years, measurements of disulfide levels have been analyzed by a novel automated method, developed by Erel and Neselioglu. In this method, addition to thiol (termed as native thiol) levels, disulfide levels were also measured and sum of native thiol and disulfide levels were termed as total thiol. Therefore, TDH was begun to be understood in organism. In healthy humans, TDH is maintained within a certain range. Dysregulated dynamic TDH has been implicated several disorders with unknown etiology. A growing body of evidence has demonstrated that the thiol-disulfide homeostasis is involved in variety diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, nonsmall cell lung cancer, familial Mediterranean fever (FMF), inflammatory bowel diseases, occupational diseases, gestational diabetes mellitus and preeclampsia. These results may elucidate some pathogenic mechanism or may be a predictor indicating diagnostic clue, prognostic marker or therapeutic sign. In conclusion, protection of the thiol-disulfide homeostasis is of great importance for the human being. Evidence achieved so far has proposed that thiol-disulfide homeostasis is an important issue needs to elucidate wholly.
Highlights
Human life is maintained by oxygen and aerobic processes, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are harmful by-products of human organism metabolism [1]
Dynamic thiol-disulfide homeostasis (TDH) is reversal of thiol oxidation in proteins and represents the levels of thiols and disulfides. It is an important parameter associated with several biochemical processes, including regulation of protein function, stabilization of protein structure, protection of proteins against irreversible oxidation of cysteine residues, chaperon function, regulation of enzyme functions and transcription [6,7,8,9]
Ophthalmic disorders Authors have established that native thiol (NT) and total thiol (TT) levels were lower whereas disulfide level was higher in keratoconus and pseudoexfoliation syndrome patients compared with control group [76,77,78]
Summary
Human life is maintained by oxygen and aerobic processes, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are harmful by-products of human organism metabolism [1]. It has been demonstrated that NT and TT levels in Parkinson’s disease, panic disorder and acute ischemic stroke patients were detected to be significantly lower than healthy control subjects. Gastrointestinal system disorders It has been demonstrated that in patients with celiac disease, acute pancreatitis and inflammatory bowel diseases NT and TT levels were found to be lower, whereas disulfide level was found to be higher compared to healthy subjects [58,59,60].
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