Abstract
Obesity is characterized as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation harmful to one’s health, linked to hormonal imbalances, cardiovascular illness, and coronary artery disease. Since the disease stems mainly from overconsumption, studies have aimed to control intestinal absorption as a route for treatment. In this study, chitosan-thioglycolic acid (CT) was developed as a physical barrier in the gastrointestinal tracts to inhibit nutrient uptake. CT exhibits a superior mucoadhesive property compared to chitosan both in vitro and in vivo for the ability to form disulfide bonds with the intestinal mucosa. For CT as a potential drug delivery platform, hesperidin, a herb for bodyweight control in traditional Chinese medication, is encapsulated in CT and can be released consistently from this absorption barrier. In animal studies, CT encapsulated with hesperidin (CTH) not only results in a weight-controlling effect but limits adipose accumulation by hindering absorption, suggesting a potential role in obesity treatment. Neither CT nor CTH exhibit cytotoxicity or produce adverse immunological reactions in vivo.
Highlights
According to the WHO definitions, obesity and overweight refer to the excessive or abnormal fat accumulation that affects health [1]
There was an absorption band for the thiol group at 2550 cm−1 for CT. These results indicated that the amino groups in chitosan were successfully modified with thiol groups
The collaborating results confirmed that CT was successfully synthesized by conjugating thioglycolic acid (TGA) with chitosan by butanediol diglycidyl ether (BDDE) crosslinker
Summary
According to the WHO definitions, obesity and overweight refer to the excessive or abnormal fat accumulation that affects health [1]. 1.9 billion overweight adults, of whom 600 million were obese. Of adult males worldwide will be overweight or obese in 2030 [3], and the underlying childhood obesity problem is becoming gradually serious [4]. The problem of obesity is one of the most serious public health issues of the 21st century. The etiology of obesity is caused by an energy imbalance. Energy imbalance is mainly caused by genes, diet, lifestyle, diseases, and drugs [5]. As well as congenital genetic defects, obesity may be caused by Prader Willi syndrome or Alstrom syndrome [6,7]
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