Thiol precursors and amino acids profile of white interspecific hybrid <i>Vitis</i> varieties and impact of foliar urea and sulfur supplementation on the concentration of thiol precursors in <i>Vitis</i> sp. Vidal berries

Abstract

Thiols are a group of highly potent aroma compounds found in many Vitis vinifera wines. In berries, thiols occur as precursors formed from a thiol attached to an amino moiety (e.g., cysteine and glutathione). Foliar sulfur and urea supplementation has been found to increase thiol precursors in V. vinifera berries. However, such data are still scarce for interspecific hybrid Vitis varieties, despite a growing interest in these cultivars. In this study, eight thiol precursors, 21 amino acids and glutathione (GSH) of seven white hybrid Vitis varieties collected in Quebec, Canada, were quantified by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Then, the impact of foliar sulfur and urea supplementation on thiol precursors of fully mature berries was tested on the Vitis sp. Vidal, using a complete randomised block design. Among the analysed thiol precursors, only the precursors of 3-mercaptohexan-1-ol (3MH) were detected, with glutathione-3MH (20-711 μg/kg berry fresh weight) as the main precursor in most studied varieties. Vidal samples had the highest concentrations of glutathione-3MH (313 μg/kg berry fresh weight) and GSH (17 mg/L in juice), but a large variability was found among the biological replicates. The amino acids proline, arginine, glutamine and alanine were the main amino acids found in Vidal, Frontenac blanc, Seyval blanc and Saint-Pepin respectively. Correlation analysis showed no significant relationship between thiol precursor and glutathione/amino acid content in berries. Foliar urea and sulfur supplementation had no impact on thiol precursor concentration in Vidal. However, a trend in a higher content of thiol precursors in berries treated with urea and sulfur compared to the control was observed on one of the two experimental sites.