Things ain't what they ought to be: social forces underlying racial disparities in rates of sexually transmitted diseases in a rural North Carolina county

Abstract

Social forces shaping a region can also affect behaviors that facilitate the transmission of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), including HIV. We sought to understand the social forces underlying high rates of infection, particularly among blacks, in a rural county of North Carolina in which 40% of the county is black. In the context of ongoing research on STDs we collected information from archival data on the county since the 1940s and interviewed local residents knowledgeable about the county's history. We present local data in the context of national economic and demographic trends. Successive changes in the national economy and farming policies disproportionately affected black farmers. A rural ghetto formed when poor blacks left their farms to seek work in the central town of the county. Segregationist housing policies and race-based differentials in employment opportunities exacerbated the concentration of poverty. Migration to northern industrial cities, predominantly by skilled black men, decreased the social capital of the community and lowered the ratio of men to women. Poverty, income disparity, social capital and the ratio of men to women can all affect the behaviors that facilitate transmission of STDs. Knowledge of social forces and their effects is critical for designing and evaluating interventions to prevent STDs and to decrease extreme racial disparities in rates of disease.