Thin-film Maxwell hybrid nanofluid flow over an unsteady inclined stretching sheet in terms of nonlinear mixed convection

Abstract

Maxwell fluid and stretching sheets are used in many industries. The vision of this research is to explore the properties of thin-film Maxwell hybrid nanofluid on an inclined stretching sheet. Silver (Ag) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) are used as nanomaterials. Maxwell fluid is utilized as a base fluid in the preparation of nanofluid by blending nanocomponents into the base fluid. The comparative analysis has been done for the (Ag) nanofluid and (Ag + TiO2) hybrid nanofluid. The proposed flow model has been solved analytically using the homotopy analysis method. In this article, we also consider Brownian motion and thermophoresis, and its effects are studied simultaneously via the Buongiorno model. This study also analyzes the boundary layer of velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles. The proposed model has been converted into highly nonlinear differential equations by means of similarity transformation. The numerical results of velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles are also displayed graphically. The solution of the model involved key parameters such as thermophoretic parameter, magnetic parameter, and Brownian motion. The outputs of the embedding parameters are analyzed and discussed. The percentage wise enhancement in the heat transfer rate between the nanofluids and hybrid nanofluids has been calculated and displayed.