Abstract
Introduction: Orthosiphon stamineus has been widely used across Asian countries for the treatment of various diseases. The quality of herbal medicine determine its safety as well as efficacy; and geographical origin is important factor contributing on the quality of herb and its products. Materials and Methods: Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) method combined with chemometric, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), has been employed to evaluate the quality of Orthosiphon stamineus leaves collected from eleven origins in Indonesia. Results: The results showed that mobile phase suitable for Orthosiphon stamineus was chloroform, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate (7:4:1). The method used has met the requirements of TLC system stability and precision. TLC-fingerprints analyzed with chemometrics showed an ability to discriminate Orthosiphon stamineus from various origins. PCA score plot of the first two principal components (PC) clearly distinguished 3 clusters of samples, whereas the loading plot of the first two PC showed that compounds with the Rf values of 0.0-0.1, 0.1-0.2, 0.2-0.3, and 0.9-1.0 are the most important compounds for clustering of samples. Conclusions: TLCfingerprint combined with the PCA was able to discriminate among the leaves of Orthosiphon stamineus originated from various locations. TLC-fingerprints analyzed with chemometrics can be used as an alternative of marker-oriented method to evaluate the quality of Orthosiphon stamineus.
Highlights
INTRODUCTIONOrthosiphon stamineus (Indonesia: Kumis kucing) is a member of the Lamiaceae family. This plant has been empirically used in several Southeast Asian countries, such as Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam, and Myanmar
Orthosiphon stamineus has been widely used across Asian countries for the treatment of various diseases
The following chemicals were procured from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany): Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) plate pre-coated with silica gel 60 F254, n-hexane, diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, acetic acid, n-propanol, dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate (EA), dioxane, toluene, chloroform (CHCl3), methanol, ethanol, anisaldehyde, and sulfuric acid
Summary
Orthosiphon stamineus (Indonesia: Kumis kucing) is a member of the Lamiaceae family. This plant has been empirically used in several Southeast Asian countries, such as Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam, and Myanmar. This approach, more difficult, is based on objective mathematical methods and treats the chromatogram as a unique signal, without a need to identify and interpret the peaks. It provides a good possibility for mining more useful chemical information from originalrich data.[16,17,18] In this research we developed TLC-fingerprint combined with chemometrics to differentiate OS collected from various origins. Several works on fingerprinting of OS have been reported before, none of them involved comparison between OS from different origins using TLC method
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