Abstract
ObjectiveDiabetes has been found to be associated with low levels of thiamine stores in the body, as thiamine directly affects carbohydrate metabolism. Amplified renal clearance of thiamine has been found in both type I and type II diabetic patients. It has been shown that high-dose thiamine therapy may have a therapeutic effect on early-stage diabetic nephropathy. The aim of this study was to evaluate various biochemical parameters and serum thiamine levels in type I and type II diabetic patients and compare them with a healthy control group.MethodsA case-control study was carried out in the diabetic out-patient multi-centers in Karachi. A total of 90 participants were selected by using a non-probability convenient sampling technique and divided into three groups, each with 30 subjects. Group A included healthy non-diabetic subjects, while group B included subjects with type I diabetes mellitus (DM), and group C included subjects with type II DM. After receiving informed consent, blood samples were collected from all the participants for hematological and biochemical evaluation. The duration of the study was eight months.ResultsThe study results revealed that the patients with type II DM had significantly higher mean fasting blood sugar (FBS), random blood sugar (RBS), and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels than those with type I DM or the control group (p<0.001 for all). Furthermore, the patients with type I or II DM had significantly higher mean levels of triglyceride (p<0.001) and total cholesterol (0.013) while significantly lower mean levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (p=0.014) than controls. The study results further revealed that the patients with type I or II DM had significantly lower serum thiamine levels than controls (14.89±4.82 and 7.35±1.90 vs. 69.56±12.75, p<0.001).ConclusionThe study results revealed that FBS, RBS, HbA1c, triglyceride, and total cholesterol levels were significantly higher in both type I and type II diabetes patients compared to controls. Furthermore, HDL and serum thiamine levels were found to be significantly lower in both type I and type II diabetic patients than in controls.
Highlights
Thiamine is a water-soluble vitamin that consists of pyrimidine and a thiazole ring with a methylene bridge in between [1]
The study results revealed that the patients with type II diabetes mellitus (DM) had significantly higher mean fasting blood sugar (FBS), random blood sugar (RBS), and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels than those with type I DM or the control group (p
The study results further revealed that the patients with type I or II DM had significantly lower serum thiamine levels than controls (14.89±4.82 and 7.35±1.90 vs. 69.56±12.75, p
Summary
Thiamine is a water-soluble vitamin that consists of pyrimidine and a thiazole ring with a methylene bridge in between [1]. Thiamine plays a vital role in the various phases of the intermediary metabolism, as a requisite and an irreplaceable coenzyme. Thiamine functions as an antioxidant and possesses antiinflammatory properties, and affects endothelial function. It may occur in several forms such as free thiamine, thiamine monophosphate (TMP), thiamine diphosphate (TDP), thiamine triphosphate (TTP), and adenosine thiamine triphosphate (ATT). Thiamine plays an imperative role in lipid metabolism and is considered to be essential for development in children [2]. The intake of thiamine should be about 1.0-1.4 mg/day for adult men and 0.8-1.1 mg/day for adult women [3]. Thiamine is absorbed in the duodenum via the thiamine transport protein system. The two transporters, THTR1 and THTR2, are responsible for
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