Abstract
Theta rhythm is a large 4–12 Hz oscillatory activity that is predominant during wake and REM (rapid eye movement) sleep in the hippocampus. Theta rhythm is generated by the interplay between neurons from the medial septum and entorhinal cortex, with local oscillators within the hippocampus. These intrinsic hippocampal oscillators arise from the interaction between pyramidal cells and specific subtypes of interneurons. Theta contributes to the formation of place cell assemblies important for memory and navigation. In addition, theta in hippocampus can control spiking and computations in other brain regions such as the prefrontal cortex, the amygdala, and striatum, and contribute to different cognitive tasks such as working memory, fear conditioning, motivation, and reward. As such, theta rhythm in hippocampus plays a critical role in providing spatial and contextual information locally and throughout the brain.
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