Abstract
Standing-wave patterns of Au(111) surface electrons in the vicinity of monatomic steps were studied by mapping the thermovoltage across the tunneling gap of a low-temperature scanning tunneling microscope (STM). In contrast to other STM spectroscopic methods, the amplitude of the standing-wave oscillations builds up with distance from the step, up to a maximum. When the temperature T is decreased, the position of this maximum shifts outwards proportional to $1/T.$ This behavior is explained with an analytical expression and also with numerical calculations of the thermovoltage in the framework of the model of Tersoff and Hamann.
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