Abstract
Thermophysiological wear comfort concerns with the heat and moisture transport properties of clothing and the way it helps the clothing to maintain the heat balance of the body during various level of activity. Heat and moisture flow through clothing is a complex phenomenon. So, heat and moisture transfer analysis for clothing is an important issue for researchers. This article delves into the processes which are involved in heat and moisture transmission along with mathematical models of heat, liquid and vapour transport through clothing to understand the exact phenomena of heat and moisture transmission. The reported testing methods and parameters used for determining heat and moisture are also summarized in this article. This article also describes the need of heat and moisture transmission in clothing, desired attributes for heat and moisture management and parameters affecting heat and moisture transmission in clothing.
Highlights
Comfort may be defined as a pleasant state of psychological, physiological and physical harmony between a human being and the environment
Today humans rely on clothing which protects body from cold and heat throughout full range of human activities, otherwise it leads to discomfort
To create a comfortable clothing a designer considers fashion and other technical factors; fiber nature and size, surface modification of fibers, hydrophobic (Gortex® e.g.) or hydrophilic membranes fused to the textile layers, weaving or knitting patterns and abrasion of the fabric surface etc. are parameters by which we can enhance comfort of clothing [5]
Summary
Comfort may be defined as a pleasant state of psychological, physiological and physical harmony between a human being and the environment. The wear comfort of clothing is affected by physical processes include heat transfer by conduction, convection and radiation, moisture transfer by diffusion, sorption, wicking and evaporation [16,17,18]. Conduction, convection and radiation are dominated by the temperature difference between skin surface and environment and are grouped as dry heat transfer. Latent heat transfer is achieved by moisture transmission related to water vapour pressure between the skin surface and the environment. All materials, when allowed to absorb vapour until an equilibrium is reached, have characteristic absorption levels (expressed as regain), which increase with relative humidity and are typically higher for natural versus man-made fibres [31] With this absorption heat is released in the textile, composed of the heat of condensation and the heat of swelling, raising the local temperature. As earlier, explained moisture can be transferred through clothing in two ways i.e either in vapour form or in liquid form
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