Abstract
An innovative concept of water-based Cu–Al2O3 hybrid nanofluid has been employed to investigate the behavior of flow and heat transfer inside a rectangular channel whose permeable walls experiences dilation or contraction in height. The transformed set of ordinary differential equations is then solved by a well-known Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg algorithm. The analysis also includes three different shapes of copper nanocomposites, namely, platelet, cylinder and brick- shaped. The impact of various embedded parameters on the flow and heat transfer distributions have been demonstrated through the graphs. All the flow properties, temperature profile and rate of heat transfer at the walls are greatly influenced by the presence of copper nanoparticles. Furthermore, it was observed that the platelet shaped nanocomposites provide a better heat transfer ability as compared to the other shapes of nanoparticles.
Highlights
In the past few years, scientists have faced a consequential issue of thermal efficiency in different engineering and industrial applications
The salient features of the flow and heat transfer of a Cu–Al2 O3 /H2 O hybrid nanofluid have been examined in a rectangular channel whose walls are permeable and have a capability of dilating or squeezing
The model employed for the effective thermal conductivity of Cu–Al2 O3 /H2 O hybrid nanofluid has an embedded parameter ‘m = 3/ψ’, which varies for different shapes of nanocomposites
Summary
In the past few years, scientists have faced a consequential issue of thermal efficiency in different engineering and industrial applications. Technological advances, like high speed microelectronics, chemical synthesis, transportation, optical, microfluidics, microsystems including mechanical and electrical components bears high thermal loads. The cooling of these devices is a major concern in these days. The rate of heat transfer is increased by increasing the area available for heat exchange Another way is to use a thermally efficient fluid, which is usually dispersed the nano-sized structures within the conventional heat transfer fluids (fluids bearing poor thermal properties), like water, propylene glycol, ethylene glycol, etc. The pioneer behind the discovery of these thermally efficient fluids, called ‘nanofluids’, was Choi [2,3]. Maxwell [4] took a first step and
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