Abstract
The effects of temperature (35° and 55°C), influent Volatile Solids (VS) concentration (S o = 50·4 and 62·5 kg VS m −3) and hydraulic retention time (HRT = 5, 10, 15 and 25 days) on methane (CH 4) production from swine manure were evaluated using 3-dm 3 laboratory scale fermentors. The highest CH 4 production rate achieved was 3·12 m 3 CH 4 per m 3 fermentor per day at 55°C, 5-day HRT and S o = 50·4 kg VS m −3. Batch fermentations showed an ultimate CH 4 yield (B 0) of 0·49 m 3 CH 4 kg VS fed. Extreme fermentation instability was experienced by the thermophilic (55°C) fermentors at 25-day HRT and S 0 = 62·5 kg VS m −3. This instability was attributed to free-ammonia and influent-substrate inhibitions. After a significant period for adaptation (over 170 days), the thermophilic fermentors adapted to the high free-ammonia concentrations and operated satisfactorily.
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