Abstract
AbstractIn this paper the thermomechanical fatigue properties of 1.4849 cast steel, which is used for exhaust manifolds and turbochargers, are investigated and a fracture mechanics based approach is used for fatigue life prediction. Isothermal low-cycle fatigue tests and thermomechanical fatigue tests are conducted in the temperature range from room temperature up to 1 000 °C. Fractographic investigations show that fracture occurs predominantly intergranularly at 600 °C, whereas mixed transgranular and intergranular crack growth is found otherwise. The methodology for fatigue life prediction is based on a time and temperature dependent cyclic plasticity model, which describes the transient stresses and strains, and on a law for time and temperature dependent microcrack growth. The crack growth law assumes that the increment in crack length in each cycle, da/dN, is correlated with the cyclic crack-tip opening displacement, δCTOD. An analytical fracture mechanics based estimate of δCTOD is used, which is derived for non-isothermal loadings. The fatigue lives of the low-cycle and the thermomechanical fatigue tests are predicted well with the model. Only predictions for the low-cycle fatigue tests at 600 °C, where integranular fracture is predominant, are non-conservative.
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