Thermoluminescence, elastic and dielectric investigations of calcium fluoro borophosphate glass composite materials doped by small concentrations of TiO2

Abstract

The glasses of composition [(B2O3)10(P2O5)60]–[(CaF2)(30-x):(TiO2)x] (0 ≤ x ≤ 1 mol%) are synthesized. Prepared glasses are characterized by TL, elastic, and dielectric Techniques. The results obtained recommend that the TiO2 do exist in both divalent (Ti3+) (cm3 mol−1) and trivalent (Ti4+) states. The evaluations of refractive index (μ = 1.501), molar volume (V = 23.764 cm3 mol−1), Young’s and shear modulus (Y = 15.64 GPa and G = 15.04 GPa), and microhardness (H = 9.56 GPa) suggest that the sample of 0.6 mol% of TiO2 concentration (T6) exhibits covalently associated interlinked structure. TL measurements suggest that the sample of 0.6 mol% of TiO2 concentration (T6) exhibiting good shape symmetry factor (u = 0.247) and low AE’s ( $$ E_{\tau } $$ = 0.485 eV, $$ E_{\delta } $$ = 0.312 eV and $$ E_{\omega } $$ = 0.234 eV) under 20 min of UV irradiation might be good TL asset. Dielectric evaluations such as density of energy states (N(Ef) = 3.125 eV−1/cm3), temperature region of relaxation (149–167 °C), loss tangent (Tan δ = 0.0896), AC conductivity $$ \sigma_{\text{dc}} $$ = 4.52 × 10−8, Ω−1 cm−1), and activation energy (Ea = 1.703) of the sample (T6) suggest that good amounts of polaron hopping might be good dielectric asset.