Abstract
A thermo-hydro-mechanical model is presented to tackle the complex coupling problems encountered in clay barriers. A detailed formulation coupling heat, moisture (liquid water and water vapour) and air transfer in a deformable unsaturated soil is given. The formulation of Alonso–Gens' mechanical model for unsaturated soil is also incorporated. Finally, a small-scale wetting–heating test on compacted bentonite is performed for validation; the numerical results are compared to the experimental measurements.
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