Abstract
Main regularities of heat gravitational convection are considered near the thermodynamic critical point. Special physical properties of supercritical fluids (strong increase of heat capacity at constant pressure and coefficients of heat extension and isothermal compressibility, convergence to zero of the coefficient of thermal diffusivity upon approximation to a critical point) lead to the features of convective flow and heat transfer. Hydrodynamic behavior of supercritical fluids is characterized by intensification of internal movement, decrease in the spatial scale of convection, formation of a piston effect, temporal multiresolution of dynamic and heat processes, and the effect of stratification.
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