Abstract
Stem cell culturing and differentiation is a very important research direction for tissue engineering. Thermogels are well suited for encapsulating cells because of their non-biotoxic nature and mild sol-gel transition as temperature increases. In particular, thermogels provide a 3D growth environment for stem cell growth, which is more similar to the extracellular matrix than flat substrates, so thermogels as a medium can overcome many of the cell abnormalities caused by 2D cell growth. In this review, we summarize the applications of thermogels in cell and stem cell culture in recent years. We also elaborate on the methods to induce stem cell differentiation by using thermogel-based 3D scaffolds. In particular, thermogels, encapsulating specific differentiation-inducing factor and having specific structures and moduli, can induce the differentiation into the desired tissue cells. Three dimensional thermogel scaffolds that control the growth and differentiation of cells will undoubtedly have a bright future in regenerative medicine.
Highlights
Tissue engineering is a promising approach for treating damaged tissues or organs, without the need for donations from other sources
Chondrocytes become fibroblast-like in a 2D culture due to elevated type I collagen expression, while more type II collagen expression is observed in a 3D culture [4]
tissue-derived MSCs (TMSCs) and neuronal growth indicates the absence of growth factor, GP
Summary
Tissue engineering is a promising approach for treating damaged tissues or organs, without the need for donations from other sources. Increases [9,10].inIdeally, stem can be encapsulated in a non-biotoxic thermogel, an added advantage body repair, the 3D thermogel which isas liquid at a lower temperaturefor andfuture is physically crosslinked in ascaffold more solid state when can be temperature increases body temperature It is without worth mentioning sol-gel transition injected the at the target site using atoconventional syringe, the needthat for the complicated surgery [11]. Pa atdid a culture temperature ofF127 longer maintenance time for spherical phenotypes chondrocytes the corresponding and longer maintenance time for spherical phenotypes of chondrocytes than did the corresponding showed significant improvement in cell viability, cell proliferation, gene expression dimethacrylate (FM) thermogel without RGD. The scale bar is 200 μm (reproduced with permission from [23])
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