Abstract
The thermodynamics of vacancy and impurity adsorption at interfaces and grain boundaries (GBs) in solids is considered. Theoretical expressions are derived for the GB/interface free energy change caused by various levels of vacancy or impurity adsorption. This information is used to predict the behavior of vacancies at interfaces and GBs in a stress gradient and to forecast the effect of impurities on GB fracture strength. The latter predictions provide an interpretation of intergranular fracture behavior in terms of impurity adsorption and GB structural parameters such as GB width and Σ value.
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