Abstract
A brief review of effective SU(2) Yang-Mills thermodynamics in the deconfining phase is given, including the construction of the thermal ground-state estimate in terms of an inert, adjoint scalar field $\phi$, based on non-propagating (anti)selfdual field configurations of topological charge unity. We explain why the screening physics of an SU(2) photon is subject to an electric-magnetically dual interpretation. Next, we elucidate how a low-frequency excess of line temperature in the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) determines the value of the critical temperature of the deconfining-preconfining phase transition of an SU(2) Yang-Mills theory postulated to describe photon propagation, and we describe how, starting at a redshift of about unity, SU(2) photons collectively work 3D temperature depressions into the CMB. Upon projection along a line of sight, a given depression influences the present CMB sky in a cosmologically local way, possibly explaining the large-angle anomalies confirmed recently by the Planck collaboration. Finally, six relativistic polarisations residing in the SU(2) vector modes roughly match the number of degrees of freedom in cosmic neutrinos (Planck) which would disqualify the latter as radiation. Indeed, if interpreted as single center-vortex loops in confining phases of SU(2) Yang-Mills theories neutrino mass $m_\nu$ solely arises by interactions with an environment. Cosmologically, the CMB represents this environment, and thus one would expect that $m_\nu=\xi T$ where $\xi=O(1)$. In this model cosmic neutrinos are a small dark-matter contribution, conserved only together with the CMB fluid, influencing Baryonic Acoustic Oscillations during CMB decoupling.
Highlights
A numerical approach to Yang-Mills thermodynamics, which relies on a discretisation of Euclidean spactime on a 4D point lattice, suffers from available spatial lattice sizes being too small for capturing the long-range correlations of the soft magnetic sector exhaustively [4]
A spatial coarse graining over these energy- and pressure-free field configurations in a particular gauge, which is facilitated by the unique computation of the kernel of a linear differential operator in terms of an average over space and caloron scale parameter ρ of the covariant two-point function of the fundamentalcaloron field-strength tensor Fμν, yields the equation of motion of an effective, inert, and adjoint scalar field φ
Gaμν ta (e the effective gauge coupling) and a gauge-invariant kinetic term tr (Dμφ)2 for field φ. This form of the effective action is uniquely determined by the following constraints: (i) coarse-graining over interacting, topologically trivial fluctuations does not lead to a change of the form of the fundamental Yang-Mills action [12], (ii) the effective action needs to be gauge invariant, and (iii) field φ is inert and cannot participate in any momentum transfer
Summary
We review briefly how (anti)screening effects due to interaction with the vector modes V± influence the propagation properties of the photon γ in SU(2)CMB. The rise in line temperature can be explained if γ modes become evanescent at low frequencies due to the onset of the Meissner effect (electric monopoles start to condense into a new ground state at T0). This leads to a re-arrangement of spectral blackbody power at low frequencies: the power of evanescent modes is maximal at ν = 0 and matches that of propagating photons at a transition frequency which is comparable to the (effective and feeble 4) photon mass of about 100 MHz. In.
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