Abstract
Recent theoretical developments propose that gravity is emergent phenomenon. In line with this, in this paper, we show that gravitational and inertial properties of matter can be sufficiently explained by thermodynamics for a system consisting of material systems immersed in the quantum vacuum energy reservoir without reference to the microscopic constituencies of the quantum vacuum. The study focuses on the transfer of energy and matter in the interaction of material system with its vacuum surroundings and the relation of those to the system's macroscopic state variables and mechanical behavior of the system associated with forces acting on it. This analysis suggests that vacuum energy density about material systems is diminished and quantum vacuum energy density field takes on specific gradient there. Hence, gravity appears as effect of the change in the energy density of medium related with presence of another material object modifying vacuum surroundings and causing spontaneous motion of the system to minimize its energy driven by the second law. Whereas, inertia is explained to be an emergent thermodynamic effect of the change in the vacuum energy field about objects associated with the alteration of energy of systems itself due to the transfer of energy between systems to its surroundings. When those energy transfer operations do not comply with the second law of thermodynamic in terms of direction and rate of the energy flow, there will be generated resistance to the imposed changes known as inertial force. In such representation the equivalence principle finds unique definition revealing its origin.
Highlights
The connection between gravity and the principles of thermodynamics became obvious with the early works of Bekenshten and Hawking in the 1970s on black holes [1, 2]
Late in the 1990s were the general relativity's field equations derived by Jacobson using general thermodynamic considerations combined with the equivalence principle [4]
We defined that gravity and inertia can be explained by thermodynamic principles, where gravity is a consequence of the decrease in the energy of surroundings of a system and acceleration is an effect of the increase in energy of system itself
Summary
The connection between gravity and the principles of thermodynamics became obvious with the early works of Bekenshten and Hawking in the 1970s on black holes [1, 2]. In the first decade of this century, Eric Verlinde [7] presented a model that explains gravity as an entropic force that is a consequence of the change of information related with the position of matter objects in space His methodology is unique and unites the thermodynamic approach to gravity with the holographic principle. The second LTD in its known formulation affirming that heat spontaneously moves from hot to cold place establishes connection between energy transfer and the gradient in the background energy field Application of this principle to a mass immersed in vacuum by virtue of the mass-energy equivalence suggests that motion of mass can be consequence of the alterations of energy in surroundings. Pursuing the same goal as Verlinde's proposal this work does not invoke quantum information theories Instead, it connects gravity and inertia with the energy of quantum vacuum fields using thermodynamic principles. In this regard it is a unique approach and has as yet undiscovered potential
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