Thermodynamics of ion solvation in mixed aqueous solvents. Part 1.—Some free energies of transfer of hydrochloric acid, alkali-metal and alkaline-earth-metal chlorides and potassium halides in the t-butyl alcohol–water system at 25 °C

Abstract

Amalgam electrodes have been used to determine the free energies of transfer, ΔG°t, of the alkali-metal chlorides and of potassium bromide and iodide from water to 2-methylpropan-2-ol (t-butyl alcohol, TBA)–water mixtures containing up to 50% TBA. The results are briefly compared with those obtained by Morel using cation-selective glass electrodes. ΔG°t values were obtained for hydrochloric acid with hydrogen electrodes over the same range of solvent composition and are in good agreement with Elsemongey's values. Using amalgam electrodes of the alkaline-earth metals, values of ΔGot for calcium, strontium and barium chlorides were obtainable only for the 10% mixture.