Abstract
Standard e.m.f. values for the cells Pt,H 2(g, 1 atm)¦HX( m), solvent¦AgX,Ag and M(Hg)¦MX 2( m), solvent¦AgX,Ag in water and in mixtures of water with methanol, 2-propanol, acetone or dioxane were used to determine standard absolute electrode potentials of the hydrogen, Ag,AgX (X = Cl, Br and I) and M(Hg)¦M 2+ (M = Zn and Cd) electrodes in these solvents. The data at different temperatures were utilized to compute the standard thermodynamic quantities both for the electrode reaction and for the transfer of individual ions from water into water + cosolvent mixtures. Cation solvation in various solvents as well as the influence of the solvent on the thermodynamic properties of individual ions are discussed. The results provide further evidence of the adequacy of the new method (M.M. Elsemongy, Thermochim. Acta, 80 (1984) 239; 103 (1986) 387; 108 (1986) 133) of determination of the thermodynamics of individual ions and of its general applicability to different cells containing different 1:1 or 2:1 electrolytes in various solvent systems.
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