Abstract
A brief description of the Gibbs adsorption equation and developments since are forwarded, with emphasis given to situations where it makes sense to talk about an adsorbed state. Ionic and nonionic solutes and mixed solvents are considered. Specific adsorption is treated explicitly and non specific adsorption is treated implicitly. The application of bulk solution thermodynamic methods to treat the specific adsorption of several solutes is described. Generalised Clausius-Clapeyron equations for integral and differential heats of adsorption are derived. The physical significance of these heats in terms of well defined transfer processes is explained. Partial molar areas are defined, the treatment of ideal and non ideal mixing are discussed. Competitive adsorption, the dependence of low interfacial tensions on temperature, adsorption maxima, the effects of adsorption on interparticle interactions and on reaction rates at interfaces are all reviewed briefly in general thermodynamic terms.
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