Abstract
This paper explores the nonequilibrium behavior of thermodynamics at the apparent horizon of isotropic and homogeneous universe model in f(G,T) gravity (G and T represent the Gauss-Bonnet invariant and trace of the energy-momentum tensor, resp.). We construct the corresponding field equations and analyze the first as well as generalized second law of thermodynamics in this scenario. It is found that an auxiliary term corresponding to entropy production appears due to the nonequilibrium picture of thermodynamics in first law. The universal condition for the validity of generalized second law of thermodynamics is also obtained. Finally, we check the validity of generalized second law of thermodynamics for the reconstructed f(G,T) models (de Sitter and power-law solutions). We conclude that this law holds for suitable choices of free parameters.
Highlights
The discovery of current cosmic accelerated expansion has stimulated many researchers to explore the cause of this tremendous change in cosmic history
We have investigated the first and second laws in the nonequilibrium description of thermodynamics and checked the validity of generalized second law of thermodynamics (GSLT) for reconstructed models in f(G, T) gravity
The thermodynamical laws are studied at the apparent horizon of FRW universe model with any spatial curvature parameter k
Summary
The discovery of current cosmic accelerated expansion has stimulated many researchers to explore the cause of this tremendous change in cosmic history. Cai and Kim [18] showed that Einstein field equations can be rewritten in the form of first law of thermodynamics for isotropic and homogeneous universe with any spatial curvature parameter. The generalized second law of thermodynamics (GSLT) has a significant importance in modified theories of gravity. Sharif and Zubair [29] checked the validity of first and second laws of thermodynamics at the apparent horizon for both equilibrium as well as nonequilibrium descriptions in f(R, T) gravity and found that GSLT holds in both phantom as well as nonphantom phases of the universe. Abdolmaleki and Najafi [30] explored the validity of GSLT for isotropic and homogeneous universe filled with radiation and matter surrounded by apparent horizon with Hawking temperature in f(G) gravity. The conservation law holds in the absence of curvaturematter coupling for both f(G) gravity and GR
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