Abstract
In this paper, a thermodynamically consistent multi-phase and multi-component phase-field (PF) model was developed for the prediction of competitive growth of β grains during Ti6Al4V solidification in the directed energy deposition (DED) process. By incorporating the thermodynamic and diffusion mobility databases of the Ti-Al-V system, the concentration evolutions of Al and V solutes were accurately predicted separately for the first time, where the solidified β has a slightly higher Al but lower V than the liquid phase, matching the phase diagrams very well. Influences of cross-diffusion between solutes on concentration distributions were also investigated. The PF modeling predicted elongated β grains of columnar shape during Ti6Al4V solidification, whose growth pattern was highly consistent with the experimental results. A validated DED model was also utilized to acquire the temporal and spatial temperature profiles and heating/cooling rates in the molten pool. By coupling such thermal information, the grain growth and concentration evolutions under the influence of cooling rate were carried out.
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