Abstract

A general thermodynamic theory was constructed on magnetic field effects on chemical equilibria. Introducing the magnetochemical potential or the electromagnetic chemical potential leads to the magnetic field-induced changes in the equilibrium constant in an ideal gas reaction and the electromotive force in an electrochemical system. Applying these general results to metal–hydrogen systems gives the relationships between the equilibrium hydrogen pressure or the equilibrium electrode potential and magnetic fields, which correspond to experimental data.

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