Thermodynamic Study on the Sublimation of Six Substituted Quinoxalines

Abstract

The Knudsen mass-loss effusion technique was used to measure the vapor pressures at different temperatures of the following substituted quinoxalines: 2-hydroxyquinoxaline, between 383.17 K and 399.15 K; 2-hydroxy-3-methylquinoxaline, between 375.16 K and 391.15K; 2,3-dichloroquinoxaline, between 313.15 K and 329.15 K; 2,3,6,7-tetrachloroquinoxaline, between 347.16 K and 361.17 K; 2,3-dimethylquinoxaline between 294.14 K and 308.14 K; 2,3-bis(bromomethyl)quinoxaline, between 351.14 K and 365.14 K. From the temperature dependence of the vapor pressure, the standard molar enthalpies of sublimation at the mean temperature of the experimental range were derived by the Clausius−Clapeyron equation. From these results the standard molar enthalpies, entropies, and Gibbs functions of sublimation at T = 298.15 K were calculated. An empirical equation for estimating vapor pressure−temperature data from enthalpies of sublimation values is presented.