Abstract
To study the effects of type and content of cosolvent as well as temperature on the properties of two well-known deep eutectic solvents (DESs), i.e., ChCl/EG (choline chloride + ethylene glycol at ...
Highlights
Ionic liquids (ILs) have raised much attention in many research areas such as electrochemistry, catalysis, gas separation, biomass dissolution, lubricants, and so on,[1−7] mainly due to their unique properties, for example, negligible vapor pressure, nonflammability, thermal stability, wide liquid range, and high acid gas solubility.[1,8−10] A lot of work has been conducted, revealing their high potential in different applications.[11−14] large-scale applications of ILs still remain a challenge, and the high price is one of the obstacles.[15]
deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are formed by mixing a hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) and hydrogen bond donor (HBD) at a certain mole ratio, and no further purification is required; they are much cheaper and more promising for industrialization compared to the traditional ILs.[16]
choline chloride (ChCl) is often used as an HBA because of its high biodegradability and biocompatibility, low toxicity, and wide availability
Summary
Ionic liquids (ILs) have raised much attention in many research areas such as electrochemistry, catalysis, gas separation, biomass dissolution, lubricants, and so on,[1−7] mainly due to their unique properties, for example, negligible vapor pressure, nonflammability, thermal stability, wide liquid range, and high acid gas solubility.[1,8−10] A lot of work has been conducted, revealing their high potential in different applications.[11−14] large-scale applications of ILs still remain a challenge, and the high price is one of the obstacles.[15]. Alcohols can be used as a cosolvent to tune the properties of DESs.[27,34−37] Gajardo-Parra et al.[35] studied the effect of 1-butanol on the density and viscosity of three ChClbased DESs with levulinic acid, ethylene glycol, and choline phenol as an HBD at different temperatures. This makes it important and interesting to investigate how the types of DES and cosolvents, their content, and temperature will affect the properties of their mixture. The effects of temperature, types of DES and cosolvent, and their contents on the nonideality of those systems have been systematically investigated by means of density, viscosity, and enthalpy of mixing measurements. The nonrandom two-liquid (NRTL) model and Gibb−-Helmholtz equation were used to represent the Hm determined experimentally
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