Thermodynamic study of choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvents with dimethyl sulfoxide and isopropanol

Abstract

The thermodynamic properties of four binary mixtures of deep eutectic solvent (DES), i.e., ChCl/Gly (choline chloride + glycerol at a molar ratio of 1:2) and ChCl/EG (choline chloride + ethylene glycol at a molar ratio of 1:2) with two common co-solvents, i.e., dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and isopropanol (IPA), were studied. Density and viscosity were determined at temperatures from 288.15 to 323.15 K, while measuring the enthalpy of mixing was performed at 308.15 and 318.15 K. The volumetric properties (i.e., excess molar volume and excess partial molar volume) and excess viscosities (i.e., viscosity deviation and logarithmic excess viscosity) were further calculated to investigate the effects of temperature, types of co-solvent and DES, and their contents on the non-ideal behavior of these systems, where the influence of treating the DES as a mixture of two components or a pseudo-component was discussed. The results of volumetric properties indicate that the combined influence of packing effects and H-bonding interactions between the DES and co-solvents led to the contraction of mixture volume, and the results of excess viscosities show H-bonding interactions play an important role in their variations. The results of enthalpy of mixing show that the mixing of DES with IPA is endothermic, while the mixing of DES with DMSO is exothermic. Furthermore, the nonrandom two-liquid (NRTL) model and Gibbs-Helmholtz equation were combined to represent the experimental results of the enthalpy of mixing, and the total average relative deviation (ARD) of all studied systems is 5.43%.