Abstract
The stability or otherwise of disperse systems is determined in part by the constraints to which they are subject. In particular, systems constrained to constant overall composition (closed systems) may differ in their stability from those in which one or more components can enter or leave the system (open systems). This general consideration is illustrated by several examples: the stability of volatile liquid droplets in a vapour, of such droplets containing an involatile solute, emulsions, and the precipitation of crystals or colloidal particles. Another example considered is that of adsorption of a vapour by a solid when the ratio of the amount of vapour component to solid adsorbent decreases, and the corresponding case of adsorption from solution. The extent to which the stability depends on kinetic factors is also examined.
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