Thermodynamic stability and holographic heat engine efficiency of a Kerr–Newmann-NUT-Kiselev-AdS black hole in Rastall gravity

Abstract

Einstein’s general relativity was modified to the Rastall gravity by generalizing the energy–momentum conservation law to T;μμν=λRν and for this change in the covariant conservation of Tμν the thermodynamic characteristics also show some interesting properties. Here we discuss the thermodynamics, phase transition, stability and heat engine construction of a Kerr–Newman-NUT-Kiselev-AdS black hole in 4D Rastall gravity. We consider the space to be surrounded by dark energy, a specific perfect fluid matter. The dark energy has significant effects on the thermodynamic variables of the black hole. Here, the energy condition constraints the Rastall parameter (λ). We finally find that the equation-of-state is related to the Rastall parameter (λ) even when it is reduced to the critical point. The cosmological constant leads us to consider the black hole as a heat engine and determine the efficiency of the Carnot cycle for the black hole. In conclusion, we discuss possible methodologies for constraining the black hole parameters from astrophysical observations.